ExtIPA charts
Using the tabs at the top of the charts, you can select the pre-2015 or post-2015 extIPA charts. The former contains 36 disordered speech-sound items, and the latter augmented chart contains 66 items. Animations are available only for the pre-2015 extIPA chart items.
There are two MRI viewing options for both charts: MRI 1 and MRI 2.
- MRI 1 was recorded in 2014 at Edinburgh Imaging Facility Queen's Medical Research Institute (QMRI), with a frame rate of 7.5fps. Each file has been overdubbed with “clean” audio, recorded in a recording studio.
- MRI 2 was recorded in 2022-2023 at the Edinburgh Imaging Facility, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh (RIE), with a frame rate of 6.25fps and a 70% increase in image resolution, compared to MRI 1. Audio for the MRI 2 files was recorded in the MRI machine using an optical microphone and post-hoc noise cancelling. We aim to replace the MRI 2 audio with clean audio in the near future.
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| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Labio-alveolar | Dento-labial | Bidental | Linguo-labial | Inter-dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Velo-pharyngeal | Upper pharyngeal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p̪ b̪ | p͇ b͇ | p͆ b͆ | t̼ d̼ | t̪͆ d̪͆ | ꞯ 𝼂 | |||||||
| Nasal | m̳̊ m̳ | m̥͆ m͆ | n̼̊ n̼ | n̪̥͆ n̪͆ | |||||||||
| Trill | r̼ | r̪͆ | 𝼀 𝼀̬ | ||||||||||
| Fricative, median | f͇ v͇ | f͆ v͆ | h̪͆ ɦ̪͆ | θ̼ ð̼ | θ̪͆ ð̪͆ | θ͇ ð͇ | ʩ ʩ̬ | ||||||
| Fricative, lateral | ɬ̼ ɮ̼ | ɬ̪͆ ɮ̪͆ | ꞎ ɭʒ | 𝼆 𝼆̬ | 𝼄 𝼄̬ | ||||||||
| Fricative, lat. + med. | ʪ ʫ | ||||||||||||
| Fricative, nasal | m̥͋ m͋ | ɱ̥͋ ɱ͋ | n̥͋ n͋ | ɳ̥͋ ɳ͋ | ɲ̥͋ ɲ͋ | ŋ̥͋ ŋ͋ | |||||||
| Approxt., lateral | l̼ | l̪͆ | |||||||||||
| Percussive | ʬ | ʭ |