STAR Speech and Language Therapy

The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2005)

Consonants (Pulmonic)

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BilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatal Velar  UvularPharyngealGlottal
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢ ʔ 
Nasalmɱnɳɲŋɴ
Trillʙrʀ
Tap or Flapɾɽ
Fricativeɸβfvθðszʃʒʂʐçʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Lateral fricativeɬɮ
Approximantʋɹɻjɰ
Lateral approximantlɭʎʟ

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Charts reprinted with permission from The International Phonetic Association

How to refer to this resource: Lawson, E., Stuart-Smith, J., Scobbie, J. M., Nakai, S. (2018). Seeing Speech: an articulatory web resource for the study of Phonetics. University of Glasgow. 30th May 2023. https://www.seeingspeech.ac.uk/